Mixed Race Studies

Racial Identification of the Biracial Preschool Child in a Single parent Family: Implications for Study

Family Science Review
Volume 4, Number 3 (August 1991)
pages 81-92

Z. Lois Bryant, Professor of Human Development and Family Studies
University of Missouri, Columbia

Johnetta Wade Morrison, Professor of Human Development and Family Studies
University of Missouri, Columbia

This article addressess some previously unexplored factors related to the racial identity and self-concept formation of biracial preschool children of single female parents. Empirically based research literature on this population is limited although numerous authorities have emphasized the importance of self-concept and racial identity to the total development of the preschool child. The self-concepts and racial identity and attiudes of the mothers of these children, as well as the influence of the preschool setting also are addressed.

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The Strangeness of Passing: Commentary on Paper by Christopher Bonovitz

Psychoanalytic Dialogues
Volume 19, Issue 4 (July 2009)
pages 442-449
DOI: 10.1080/10481880903088377

Annabella Bushra
The Westchester Center for the Study of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy

Christopher Bonovitz gives us a rich landscape of the theoretical, historical, and relational aspects of his work with his mixed-race patient. In my response I explore what seems missing: a stronger sense of the patient as a person, more of her own history in her family, more of the clinical back and forth with her therapist, a sense of what is being played out in the transference, and particularly what “passing” is for her. I show how his choices about how to think about her story and how to tell it are oversaturated with awareness of identity and race at the expense of the basic human relationship. In the face of such racial anxiety, there is a pull to rely too strongly on countertransference as a way to gain privileged access to knowledge about the other. I attribute many of these problems to the inescapable power of race in our culture. Furthermore, I address the themes of hatred, silence, secrecy and transgression as they relate to the history of transgenerational trauma for this patient and invite our broadening our awareness about how they play out in the therapeutic process. We are faced with the difficult, yet the essential task of holding and living out the patient’s anger and outrage at the racial hatred that has been endured.

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Biracial Females’ Reflections on Racial Identity Development in Adolescence

Journal of Feminist Family Therapy
Volume 18, Issue 4 (February 2007)
pages 53 – 75
DOI: 10.1300/J086v18n04_03

Karia Kelch-Oliver
Department of Counseling and Psychological Services
Georgia State University

Leigh A. Leslie, Associate Professor and Graduate Director
Department of Family Studies
University of Maryland

As the number of biracial youth grows, understanding their experience becomes increasingly important. A qualitative study was conducted to learn about the experience of racial identity development in biracial adolescent females. Nine Black-White biracial college-age women participated in focus groups, reflecting on their adolescence. Results indicated the most prevalent experience was a feeling of being marginal between two cultures. Further, competing messages over standards of beauty in the two cultures complicated the normal identity struggle of adolescence. Implications for parents and practitioners include recognizing the unique issues biracial girls experience and how race and gender combine to affect their identity development.

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Mixed Race and the Negotiation of Racialized Selves: Developing the Capacity for Internal Conflict

Psychoanalytic Dialogues
Volume 19, Issue 4 (July 2009)
pages 426 – 441
DOI: 10.1080/10481880903088021

Christopher Bonovitz
William Alanson White Institute; New York University Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy & Psychoanalysis, Manhattan Institute for Psychoanalysis

The author uses contemporary psychoanalytic theory in further understanding the negotiation of conflict and dissociation in biracial patients who are both African-American and White. Drawing on the work of contemporary theorists who have made efforts to navigate the relationship between inner and outer worlds in our understanding of race from a psychoanalytic perspective, the author examines the relationship between race, culture, and internalized self-other relationshow they interact with each other and impact splitting and dissociative processes among self-states. The author argues for a notion of the unconscious as one that contains historical trauma related to race relations that influences the developing capacity to sustain internal conflict between opposing self-states borne out of this trauma. The author shows how society works against the integration of racialized self-states and interferes with the capacity to contain conflict. Through an extended clinical vignette from an analysis of a mixed-race patient, the author looks at the interplay of self-states between a White analyst (author) and a mixed-race patient (African-American and White) as manifested through a series of enactments and the unconscious mating between dissociated self-states in both patient and analyst. The author argues that the analyst’s engagement of his or her own dissociated self-states and containment of internal conflict is critical to aiding the patient in moving toward greater integration.

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Myth of Post-Racial America: Biracial novelist says America still has a long way to go

Northwestern University
News Center
2010-03-08

Wendy Leopold, Education Editor

EVANSTON, Illinois — In a speech titled “The Myth of Post-Racial America,” writer Danzy Senna warned members of the packed audience in Fisk Hall against the urge to view America as having moved past issues of privilege, race and class.

Delivering the annual Leon Forrest Lecture last week, Senna, who is biracial, called such thinking “a dangerous impulse” that seeks to “stop conversation” about racism and genocide that are at the very heart of American history and culture…

…Senna, whose novels and memoirs address biracial and multiracial identity, is the daughter of a Boston blue-blood mother and a black father who grew up “dirt-poor” in the Deep South. She won acclaim for her debut novel, “Caucasia,” which told the story of biracial sisters growing up in the 1970s in racially charged Boston…

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Couple finds a more than a century old gravestone

Beaumont Enterprise
2009-12-13

Kyle Peveto

Beneath a tool shed behind her house, Mallary Sanders and her fiance found a 118-year-old piece of history they are begging someone to take.

Last weekend, Sanders’ fiance, Justin Trusty, 24, was cleaning beneath the pier-and-beam shed when he came across the intact gravestone of a woman who died in 1891.

He told Sanders, 23, he found something that “will scare you.”

“I wasn’t at all scared,” Sanders said. “I didn’t think there was a grave under there. Now, if I had felt weird about the house….”

The couple had no idea what to do with the stone.

“I just wanted it to go back to where it belongs,” Trusty said.

The gravestone stands about 2-feet tall and is specked with mud from lying flat on the ground. Carved marble reads: in memory of DELIEDE, wife of Wm Ashworth. Deliede died June 27, 1891, at 85, according to the gravestone…

…The Ashworth family name has a well-recorded history in Jefferson and Orange counties. During the Republic of Texas and after statehood, the mixed-race Ashworth family owned thousands of acres of land and large cattle herds in an area that did not welcome free people of color.

“What I thought was interesting was their ability to prosper in a place like Texas that made it illegal to be a free black,” said Jason Gillmer, a professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University who has studied the family…

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2010 Census: Stressed Out of the Box

The Huffington Post
2010-03-10

Marcia Dawkins, Assistant Professor of Human Communication
California State University, Fullerton

Robert M. Groves, Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, sent me a letter today. Mr. Groves told me that my 2010 Census form will be arriving sometime next week and that my “response is important. Results from the 2010 Census will be used to help each community get its fair share of government funds for highways, schools, health facilities and many other programs.” According to the Bureau, census data directly affect how more than $200 billion per year in federal and state funding is allocated. The letter went on to stress the importance of “a complete and accurate census” as an issue of fairness to my “community.” After reading this letter I have a question for Mr. Groves: Is the U.S. Census fair to me?…

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Beyond Black & White: Mike Tauber ´94 and Pamela Singh ´95 cross the color lines in their new book on mixed-race America

CC: online
Connecticut College Magazine
Fall 2009

Phoebe Hall

On a perfect summer day in July, Mike Tauber ´94 and Pamela Singh ´95 relax on the screened porch of their home in Fairfield, Conn[ecticut] As they try to feed lunch to their sons, Wyatt, 3, and Rohwan, 1, Tauber and Singh talk about typical parenting challenges: potty training, finding babysitters, and juggling their work schedules.

But they face not-so-typical challenges too. Like when strangers mistake Singh for the babysitter, and the white nanny as Tauber´s wife. Or when teachers assume Wyatt can´t speak English. Or when they fill out forms for schools or doctors and have to pick just one box to identify their sons´ race.

It was this issue of pigeon-holing, one with which Singh herself has struggled for years, that inspired the couple to collaborate on a coffee-table book, “Blended Nation: Portraits and Interviews of Mixed-Race America.” Published this summer by Channel Photographics, the book features individuals and families who identified themselves as multiracial on the 2000 U.S. Census, the first time they could do so…

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Commentary: Living in a Mixed-Race America

Essence.com
Essence Magazine
2009-10-20

June Cross, Assistant Professor of Journalism
Columbia University

As if being married had anything to do with Blacks and Whites producing mixed-race children.

That was my first thought upon reading that an elected official in Louisiana had refused to marry a Black man and a White woman out of concern for what might happen to the children.

Ever since African-Americans landed on these shores in chains, Black women carried the offspring of their White masters. And indentured women servants, often of Irish descent, bore the children of Black men back in the seventeenth century before Virginia became the first state in the union to make interracial marriage illegal in 1691…

…Where did a quarter million mixed race people go? Geneologists think they decided to pass as White and mixed themselves right into the great American melting pot. Of course, in Louisiana, where race-mixing has been going on since before the birth of the nation, all you had to do was cross the county lines to disappear…

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2010 Census: Think Twice, Check Once

The Huffington Post
2010-03-08

Michele Elam, Martin Luther King, Jr. Centennial Professor of English and Olivier Nomellini Family University Fellow in Undergraduate
Stanford University

The federal government is taking a road trip, dubbed the 2010 Census Portrait of America Road Tour, to try to convince “hard-to-count audiences” to participate in this year’s dicennial Census. One of those particularly hard-to-count groups are those who identify as racially mixed. Many will choose to take advantage of the “mark one or more races” (MOOM) option made first available on the 2000 Census. Race scholars have been hotly debating the significance of this paradigm shift, asking: just what are the Civil Rights consequences of the Census option of “mark one or more races”?

Demonized in the early twentieth century as sexually polluting and culturally degenerate, mixed race people are now all the rage. The New York Times hails them as Generation E.A.: Ethnically Ambiguous and celebrates them as ambassadors to the post-race new world order. With Obama, our self-described “mutt” President, as its poster-child, the “the Mulatto Millennium” is finally upon us…

…Few could have anticipated the community impact of their box-checking. Federal guidelines have since sought to correct for these unexpected effects, but my point is that the government accounting of race through the Census is explicitly designed to inform public policy and the distribution of resources. This is not about ethnic squabbling over spoils.

It is a recognition that the Census was never meant as–nor should it be–a site for self-expression…

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